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4.9. Dam failures – Mechanisms and examples of well-known dam failures

Similar to any construction project, dams can also fail. The failure of a dam causes enormous economic damage and unfortunately is often associated with losses of human lives. Well-known dam failures are the following: 1. Teton Dam, USA Failure mechanism: Water infiltration and piping. The earth embankment and the foundation started eroding and eventually, the […]

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4.8. Environmental Flow

Environmental flow is the minimum supply that must be maintained in the watercourse so as not to affect the ecosystem downstream of a project that disrupts the flow of a river. Key objectives:a) the conservation of the river as a habitat for specific speciesb) the preservation of the natural landscapec) the minimization of the impact

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4.7. Diversion of rivers and other temporary dam construction works

• Upstream dam • Duct inlet diversion • Diversion duct(σήραγγα ή επιφανειακός) • Duct outlet diversion • Downstream barrier River diversion The following video shows the opening of the embankment to the entrance of the diversion tunnel and the simultaneous construction of the upstream dam to stop the normal flow of the river. Diversion Pipes

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4.2. Water intake from rivers

Surface water utilization projects For the utilization of surface waters the typical categories of projects are: Water intakes with or without storage Dams Categories of projects based on their main use: Water storage for water supply/irrigation purposes Of production of electrical power Flood protection Combination of the above 1. Water intakes without storage The picture

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4.1. Estimating river runoff

Question: We want to build a dam on a river to store water to meet the water needs of an area. In what ways can we estimate how much water is flowing in the river?1. Measurement (Hydrometric Station)2. Calculate Discharge Measurement Area-Velocity MethodQ = A ∙ VRunoff = Section Area x Flow Velocity Problem: Uneven

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Simple Questions Q81-Q90 – Water Resources Engineering Exam

81) Ποια είναι η στατιστική σημασία της τυπικής απόκλισης; 82) Από τα στατιστικά δεδομένα της περιόδου 1990-2019, η μέση μηνιαία απορροή ενός ποταμού στον ταμιευτήρα ενός φράγματος για τον μήνα Δεκέμβριο είναι 500,000 m3 με SD=200,000. Ποια η πιθανότητα η απορροή για το Δεκέμβριο του 2020 να είναι μικρότερη από 500,000 m3 50% 68% 50% 32% 16%

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Simple Questions Q61-Q80 – Water Resources Engineering Exam

61) Which of the following is not a type of mill? propeller type cup type reverse type 62) What is the name of the device shown in the photo? Βροχόμετρο Λυσίμετρο Εξατμισήμετρο (Pan) Αντλία γεώτρισης   63) The diagram shows the components of the surface watercourse. Match the letters Qp  Qo Qt  Qg with each of the

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